MOTS-c

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome — specifically within the 12S ribosomal RNA gene. Its discovery represented a significant advance in understanding mitochondrial-derived signalling peptides.

AMPK Pathway Activation

The most studied mechanism of MOTS-c involves AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation. Research has examined its role in cellular energy sensing and AMPK phosphorylation, downstream effects on glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation, and the relationship between mitochondrial peptide signalling and whole-cell metabolic adaptation.

Mitochondrial Bioenergetics

As a mitochondrially-encoded peptide, MOTS-c has been studied in the context of mitochondrial function itself. Research has investigated its effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration, interactions with the electron transport chain, and its role in mitochondrial stress responses.

Metabolic and Insulin Sensitivity Research

MOTS-c has attracted significant interest in metabolic research. Studies have examined its effects on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle models, glucose transporter expression and translocation, and interactions with obesity-related metabolic dysregulation in preclinical models.

Exercise Physiology Research

MOTS-c levels have been observed to change in response to exercise in animal models, making it a subject of interest in exercise physiology research, including studies of skeletal muscle adaptation, endurance capacity, and the mitochondrial response to physical stress.

For laboratory research use only. Not intended for human or animal consumption.